Tartar, also known as dental calculus, is a hard, calcified substance that forms on the teeth when plaque, a soft biofilm of bacteria, is not effectively removed through regular brushing and flossing. Over time, minerals from saliva deposit into the plaque, causing it to harden and adhere strongly to the tooth surfaces. Tartar can contribute to various oral health issues, including gum disease and cavities, making professional dental cleaning critical for prevention and treatment. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice daily and flossing, are essential to manage and avoid tartar buildup.
Understanding Tartar: Definition and Composition
Tartar is predominantly composed of calcium and phosphate, which are natural minerals found in saliva. When plaque remains on teeth, it becomes calcified, transitioning from its soft, sticky form to a hardened deposit. This calcification typically begins within 24 to 72 hours of plaque formation, underscoring the importance of regular oral hygiene practices.
How Tartar Forms
The process leading to tartar formation begins with plaque accumulation. Plaque is formed by food particles that mix with saliva, bacteria, and cells from the mucosa. If not removed through brushing and flossing, plaque can quickly mineralize, leading to tartar formation. Here’s a breakdown of the stages:
- Formation of Plaque: Bacteria naturally present in your mouth latch onto the tooth surface, forming a sticky biofilm known as plaque.
- Calcification: Over time, minerals from your saliva penetrate this plaque, causing it to harden.
- Advanced Tartar: Once tartar has formed, it becomes much more difficult to remove without professional dental intervention.
Types of Tartar
Tartar can be broadly categorized into two types, based on its location in the mouth:
- Supragingival Tartar: This type of tartar develops above the gum line and is typically visible. It often appears yellow or white and can be easily detected by both individuals and dental professionals.
- Subgingival Tartar: This type forms below the gum line, making it less visible and more challenging to detect. Subgingival tartar is often associated with gum disease and can cause significant periodontal issues if not treated.
Risks Associated with Tartar
The presence of tartar in the mouth poses several health risks:
- Gum Disease: Tartar buildup can lead to gingivitis, the first stage of gum disease, characterized by red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing.
- Cavities: Tartar creates an ideal environment for bacteria that erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities.
- Bad Breath: Tartar harbors bacteria that produce foul-smelling compounds, contributing to halitosis.
- Tooth Loss: In severe cases, untreated tartar can lead to advanced periodontal disease, resulting in tooth mobility and potential loss.
Managing and Preventing Tartar Buildup
Effective management of tartar includes both prevention and removal strategies. Following a few best practices can significantly reduce your chances of developing tartar:
- Regular Brushing: Brush your teeth twice daily using fluoride toothpaste. Ensure you brush for at least two minutes, covering all tooth surfaces.
- Floss Daily: Flossing removes food particles and plaque from between your teeth and below the gum line, where toothbrush bristles may not reach.
- Professional Dental Cleanings: Regular visits to your dentist (every six months or as recommended) for a professional cleaning will help remove any tartar that has formed.
- Dietary Choices: Reduce sugary and acidic foods that promote plaque buildup. Instead, consume a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
- Use Tartar-Control Toothpaste: Certain toothpastes are formulated to help prevent tartar buildup.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What does tartar look like?
Tartar typically appears yellow or brown and can be crusty in texture. Supragingival tartar is visible above the gum line, while subgingival tartar is more challenging to detect without dental examination.
How can I remove tartar at home?
While regular brushing and flossing can help prevent tartar buildup, once tartar has formed, it cannot be removed with regular dental care products. Professional dental cleaning is required for complete removal.
Is tartar the same as plaque?
No, tartar is not the same as plaque. Plaque is a soft, sticky biofilm that can be removed with brushing and flossing, while tartar is hardened plaque that forms when plaque is not adequately cleaned from the teeth.
Can tartar cause tooth sensitivity?
Yes, tartar buildup can lead to gum recession and tooth sensitivity as it exacerbates gum disease and exposes the tooth roots to the environment.
How often should I visit the dentist for tartar removal?
It is generally recommended to visit your dentist every six months for a professional cleaning. However, individuals with a history of tartar buildup may benefit from more frequent visits as advised by their dentist.
Conclusion
Understanding tartar and its implications for oral health is essential for maintaining a healthy mouth. By staying proactive with your oral hygiene routine and scheduling regular dental check-ups, you can significantly reduce the risk of tartar formation and its associated health issues. Remember, prevention is key in maintaining not only your smile but your overall well-being.
